In Nigerian elections, women battle against the odds

Abuja, Nigeria (AFP):

When Tolulope Akande-Sadipe decided to run for a second term to represent her constituency in Nigeria’s parliament, she knew her life could be in danger.

During the last elections in 2019, when former army general Muhammadu Buhari won the presidency for a second and last term allowed by the constitution, her campaign bus was destroyed and her media aides attacked.

This year, she said, she narrowly escaped an assault while campaigning at a primary event for her party — the same as Buhari’s — where she was competing against five men.

“Electoral violence is very real. And it’s more so targeted at me because I am a woman, and those responsible feel they can intimidate me,” said the 56-year-old from southwest Oyo state.

Africa’s most populous democracy has among the lowest number of women in office in the world, and the number of those seeking to succeed Buhari or aiming for local and national offices has fallen since 2019.

Women are running for just 10 percent of State Assembly seats, nine percent of House seats, eight percent of Senate seats and six percent of governor roles.

And only one woman, Princess Chichi Ojei, is vying for the presidency. And her score against 17 male rivals is expected to be minor.

Culture, religion 

Women played a determining role in building Nigeria’s modern state, mobilising against the British colonial administration and later against military rule, said Chiedo Nwankwor, a professor at Johns Hopkins University.

“Once those movements succeeded, women were put aside… (and) structures were put in place to privilege nation-building,” she said.

This legacy lingers in Nigeria, where religious conservatism holds sway in the mostly Christian south and in the predominantly Muslim north, said Mercy Ette, a Nigerian researcher at the University of Leeds.

“If you’re a good Christian woman, or if you’re a good Muslim woman, you should submit… and politics is about ‘stepping out’,” she said, referring to putting oneself on display.

“So you can imagine that a woman who is really committed to her faith would not want to go against those norms.”

Ingrained cultural and religious beliefs also mean many women in Nigeria are not fully supportive of female candidates, whom they struggle to see as potential leaders.

But while the percentage of women running in elections — let alone winning — is still low, some say acceptance of female candidates is growing.

In Niger state, an area wracked by gang violence, Khadijah Abdullahi Iya is running for governor, a position that has never been held by a woman anywhere in the country.

“The mindset is changing, more so because of the deplorable state in which people find themselves … People are at a breaking point (and) they feel that women have the compassion (needed) to heal their pain,” the 48-year-old shared.

In the oil-rich southern state of Rivers, Dabota Jumbo, who is running for a State Assembly seat, also sees signs of progress.

“Even the men want to engage with the women, who are strong influencers in their families, so in my locality the number of women running has increased,” she said.