Ugandan pygmies displaced by mountain gorillas, decry discrimination, ostracism

KAMPALA, Uganda (AA) – Sabiti Mufupi, 50, is proud to be an indigenous Batwa pygmy. However, there are some people who look down on him and his clansmen because they are short and in most cases small in size.

Mufupi, who lives in Kasese in western Uganda, said that his tribe was displaced from their original homes deep in the forests by mountain gorillas.

“In 1991, I was a young man when the government evicted us from Bwindi impenetrable rain forests so that mountain gorillas could stay there peacefully. Other Batwa who were also evicted lived in the Echuya and Mgahinga rain forests,” he said.

Before being evicted, the tribe derived their livelihoods from the forests.

“Our ancestors were part of the ecosystem for Bwindi, Echuya and Mgahinga impenetrable rain forests. We ate fruits from the trees and root food in the forests but now they are being enjoyed by mountain gorillas as the Batwa starve,” said Deborah Namanya, a member of the Batwa community living in the western city of Mbarara.

Moses Ninzikumba,  a 49-year-old local Batwa musician who lives in a slum in the western town of Kisoro, said he was 9 years old when his tribe was sent away from the forest.

“We’re now living in poverty. We were sent away from our land. Our tribe has become endangered because many of the Batwa, after being sent away from the forests, scattered to other parts of the county and many died because they could not cope with life outside the forest,” said Ninzikumba,

He said they want the government to buy land for the remaining Batwa people and settle them.

Betty Keturesi, 26, said her parents told her that when the Batwa lived in the forests before being evicted they used to use herbal medicine and ate the fruits from trees which made them live long. “Now they struggle looking for food but they say that when they were living in the forests they would eat fruits and meat which they got from hunting animals,” she said.

Keturesi said she is married with two children and her family lives in a makeshift hut. However, they do not have land on which to grow food. She said they earn their living from working in other people’s gardens.

“The life of the Batwa is terrible. They stay in huts made from mosquito nets and paper bags. They do not have money to buy food and soap. Since they do not often bathe or wash their clothes, they end up smelling. Because of this, people do not want to socialize with them,” according to senior journalist Ketty Atuzarwire, who works with the Uganda government’s media group, New Vision.

Efforts by the government and NGOs

Atuzarwire, who has been covering the Batwa for more than a decade, said two NGOs- the Mgahinga and Bwindi Impenetrable Forest Conservation Trust (MBIFCT) and the Mgahinga and Bwindi Impenetrable Forest Conservation Trust- were set up in 1994 under the Uganda Trust Act, with a mandate to provide long-term funding for the conservation of the biodiversity and ecosystem of the Mgahinga Gorilla National Park and Bwindi Impenetrable forests National Parks in South Western Uganda.

The NGOs provide funds to the Batwa community. However, few benefit because the funds provided are inadequate and the Batwa are scattered in different parts of the country.

The government is also trying to help the Batwa, according to Frank Mugabi. Mugabi is the spokesman for the Gender, Labor, and Social Development Ministry.

“We work closely with Batwa cultural leaders to preserve their culture. We have helped them to document their culture,” said Mugabi.

He said the government provides programs to improve the lives of minority ethnic groups like the Batwa. He did concede, however, that these programs donot reach everyone and not all of the Batwa are benefiting.